The Dumalla is more than a turban; it is a sacred crown that represents faith, strength, and the martial spirit of the Khalsa. Traditionally worn by Nihang Sikhs and devout community members, the Dumalla holds deep spiritual and historical significance. Its distinctive feature is the inclusion of shashtars, such as the chakkar, kirpan, and steel baaj, woven within its layers. Properly tying a Dumalla and securing these symbols requires both respect and skill.
This guide outlines how to tie a Dumalla, position its accessories, and secure shashtars safely, while upholding tradition and practicality.
1. Understanding the Meaning Behind the Dumalla
Before learning to tie the Dumalla, it is important to understand its significance. The term Dumalla originates from Persian, meaning “two pieces of cloth.” Historically, Sikh warriors, especially Nihang Singhs, wore the Dumalla as both a spiritual crown and practical armor. It represents courage (Bir Ras), self-discipline, and commitment to Sikh principles.
The shashtars (sacred weapons) placed in the Dumalla aren’t jusThe shashtars placed in the Dumalla are not merely decorative. Each item, whether a kirpan, chakkar, or steel baaj, serves as a reminder of the responsibility to protect truth and uphold justice, which is central to the Khalsa way of life. You will need the following items:
- Two pieces of Dumalla cloth:
The first layer is called the base patka or keskhi, usually about 2.5 to 3 meters long. The main Dumalla cloth can range from 5 to 7 meters, depending on your head size and preferred style. - Dumalla accessories:
These include chakkars (steel circles), khanda emblems, mini kirpans, and steel baaj, all of which symbolize Sikh warrior heritage. - Safety pins or rubber bands (optional):
These can be used discreetly to secure loose ends or hold dumalla shashtars in place, especially for beginners.
Before you start, make sure the cloth is neatly folded and wrinkle-free. A clean, well-folded turban always reflects discipline and devotion.
3. Setting the Base (Keskhi or Small Turban)
The base turban helps keep your hair in place and provides a stable foundation for the Dumalla.
- Tie your hair neatly into a topknot (joora).
- Place the keskhi or patka over the joora and tie it firmly but comfortably.
- Tuck in any loose hair ends and make sure your hair bun sits at the top center of your head.
This base layer ensures that the Dumalla cloth wraps evenly and that the shashtars have a firm structure to rest against.
4. Wrapping the Dumalla: Step-by-Step
The Dumalla is tied differently from regular turbans. It builds upward, layer by layer, forming a rounded yet tall structure that symbolizes strength and sovereignty.
Step 1: Start from the back
Take one end of the Dumalla cloth and hold it firmly at the back of your head, just above the nape. Leave a small portion hanging at the end to tuck in later.
Step 2: Begin wrapping diagonally
Bring the cloth diagonally across the front of your head and around the back again. Each wrap should overlap slightly with the previous layer, maintaining even tension.
Step 3: Build the layers upward
As you wrap, gradually move upward to cover the top of the head. The Dumalla should start to take shape, forming a dome-like structure.
Step 4: Leave space for shashtars
After 3–4 wraps, pause and begin to insert your Dumalla accessories — such as the steel baaj or chakkar — at the desired position. Traditionally, the chakkar is placed on the side or the front-center, while smaller weapons like the kirpan or baaj are woven into the upper layers.
Step 5: Tuck in the end neatly
Once you have reached your desired height, bring the end of the Dumalla cloth across the back and tuck it firmly inside the last few wraps.
5. How to Secure Shashtars Safely
This step is essential for comfort and safety. While shashtars symbolize readiness and protection, they must be positioned securely to prevent movement or discomfort.
1.The chakkar can be placed at the front or side. Secure it between two or three layers of Dumalla cloth to keep it firmly in place. Avoid placing it too close to the scalp to prevent discomfort. Apply pressure to the head.
2. Placing the Steel Baaj
The steel baaj, a small traditional weapon, is often placed on the side of the Dumalla or slightly tilted upward. Ensure it rests within multiple layers of cloth and is angled outward for balance.
3. Securing the Mini Kirpan or Khanda
These can be inserted symmetrically near the top or side folds. Beginners may discreetly use a pin or rubber band beneath the layers to prevent slipping.
4. Check for Comfort
After placing all accessories, gently shake your head. The Dumalla should feel stable but not tight. Adjust any loose layers or shashtars as needed.
Safety and reverence go hand in hand — every item must be handled with care and respect as a representation of divine protection.
6. Caring for Your Dumalla Accessories and Steel Baaj
Maintaining your Dumalla accessories keeps them polished, safe, and ready for use.
- Clean Regularly: Wipe your steel baaj, chakkar, and khanda with a soft cloth to prevent rust or tarnish.
- Store Safely: Keep them wrapped in cloth when not in use. Avoid exposing them to moisture.
- Polish occasionally: Use natural oil or a steel polish to maintain shine and prevent dullness.
Your Dumalla and shashtars reflect your discipline — caring for them is part of spiritual maintenance.
7. Variations in Dumalla Styles
Over centuries, Sikhs across regions have developed unique Dumalla-tying styles:
- Nihang Dumalla: Large and layered, with multiple shashtars woven visibly.
- Modern Compact Dumalla: A simplified version for daily wear, often without full weapon adornment.
- Hazoori Dumalla: Tied neatly with precise, symmetrical folds — often used in Gurdwaras or formal settings.
Each style maintains the same spirit — representing faith, unity, and strength — but adapts to the wearer’s purpose and comfort.
The Dumalla is not just a head covering; it’s a spiritual declaration — a living reminder of the Sikh warrior ethos. Knowing how to tie a Dumalla and secure shashtars, such as the steel baaj, safely allows one to wear this symbol with both pride and respect.
Every layer represents a commitment to truth, courage, and discipline. Every shashtar reflects readiness to defend righteousness. Whether you wear it daily or for special occasions, let your Dumalla embody both grace and strength.
With practice, patience, and devotion, your Dumalla will become not only a beautiful symbol of heritage but also a deeply personal statement of faith.
